SPS国家通报机构(NNA)
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SPS咨询点(NEP)
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与SPS通报相关联的HS代码树映射
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参与有关SPS贸易问题的讨论
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SPS committee documents
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3.199. The Health of Animals Act and the Plant Protection Act and their regulations are the main federal statutes governing animal and plant health issues.[298] The main federal legislation governing food safety is the Food and Drugs Act and the Safe Food for Canadians Act (SFCA).[299] These Acts are supplemented by the Food and Drug Regulations and the Safe Food for Canadians Regulations (SFCR).[300] Other main federal SPS legislation includes the Pest Control Products Act, Seeds Act, Fertilizers Act, and Feeds Act, with their associated regulations
3.200. Health Canada regulates the safety and nutrition quality of food sold in Canada and conducts risk assessments related to food. The Canadian Food Inspection Agency (CFIA) enforces federally‑mandated inspection, compliance, and quarantine requirements related to food, animal health, and plant health, and is the lead agency for risk assessment for animal health and plant health. The CFIA also regulates imports of food, agricultural inputs and products, live animals, animal products and by-products, and plants and plant products
3.201. Provinces and territories may adopt SPS measures only in respect of food, animals, or plants that are sold within their borders. This means that provincial and territorial governments may impose SPS requirements on top of those that exist at the federal level, but these only apply to businesses that sell within the respective province or territory. For businesses that trade across provincial, territorial, or international borders, federal regulations apply. In the context of Canada's previous Review, the authorities said that they were not aware of any sub-federal SPS measures with an impact on international trade.[301] They also noted that, if a province or territory were to apply SPS measures with a significant effect on international trade, Canada would notify them to the WTO
3.202. The CFIA maintains an online searchable tool listing the SPS requirements that must be met to import plants, animals, and food into Canada.[302] The CFIA uses risk assessment methodology to determine such requirements, which may include treatment at origin, testing, inspection, quarantine, and/or certification. Animals, plants, and their products imported for the first time into Canada, and previously imported animals, plants, and their products from a new origin, are subject to full risk assessment. The authorities note that a full risk assessment for plant commodities is typically completed within 6 to 12 months but may take several years. For meat and live or raw shellfish, a full risk assessment may take from 12 to 36 months. According to the authorities, the exact time needed to complete risk assessments depends on a wide range of factors, including the time it takes for foreign competent authorities to submit the necessary information
3.203. During the period under review, Canada adopted the SFCA and the SFCR, both of which entered into force in January 2019. The authorities consider this to be the most important revision of Canada's food safety legislation in a quarter century. They further note that the SFCR replaces 14 sets of food regulations and helps to apply a consistent risk-based inspection approach across all types of foods and food businesses, reduce administrative burden by supporting the increased use of electronic data transmission and automation of import admissibility decisions, and enable food businesses to be innovative while continuing to meet required regulatory outcomes.[303] In Canada's view, the recent revision of Canada's food safety regulations was needed because Canada's previous food safety system was designed during an era when most food consumed in Canada also originated there, food technology was less advanced, supply chains were less complex, and risks to food and the health of animals and plants were different.[304]
3.204. Under the SFCA and SFCR, food that is imported into Canada must have been made in a manner and under conditions that provide the same level of protection as food made in Canada. More specifically, any imported food must be "manufactured, prepared, stored, packaged, and labelled in a manner and under conditions providing at least the same level of protection as meat products produced in Canada".[305] The information that food importers must obtain from their foreign suppliers to demonstrate that this is the case varies, depending on the food being imported, the types of activities or processes the food is subject to before being imported, and whether oversight measures on the foreign supplier are in place. In the context of Canada's previous Review, the authorities stated that "the SFCR applies the same level of rigour to imported, exported, and domestic products".[306]
3.205. In general, the SFCR does not restrict food imports from specific countries or suppliers except in the case of meat and shellfish. Meat and shellfish can be imported only from countries that have a food safety system that the CFIA has approved and recognized as providing the same level of protection as that provided by the SFCA and SFCR. The list of approved meat and shellfish inspection systems and approved establishments for meat and shellfish is available online.[307]
3.206. To import food (and food ingredients) into Canada, importers must normally obtain a Safe Food for Canadians (SFC) licence. Licences can be obtained through the CFIA's online service portal, MyCFIA. The cost of the food import licence, which is valid for a renewable period of two years, is CAD 260.61. To obtain an SFC licence, importers must meet the requirements established in relevant legislation, including: (i) creating and implementing a Preventive Control Plan (PCP); (ii) developing recall and complaints procedures; and (iii) keeping traceability records of where the imported food was sourced from and who it was sold to
3.207. A PCP is a written document specifying the measures and controls taken to ensure that imported food is safe and fit for human consumption, and that it complies with all Canadian requirements. According to the authorities, PCPs are based on the principles contained in Codex Alimentarius General Principles of Food Hygiene CAC/RCP 1-1969. The CFIA has made available materials to assist importers with the preparation of their PCPs, including a guide[308], interactive tool[309], and templates.[310] Importers with CAD 100,000 or less in gross annual food sales are exempt from the requirement to have a written PCP, unless the business in question conducts an activity in relation to food animals, meat products, dairy products, fish, eggs, processed egg products, or processed fruits and vegetables. Businesses that are not required to have a written PCP still need to have preventive controls in place
3.208. The required components of a PCP are described in specific parts of Section 89 of the SFCR and relevant regulatory requirements.[311] For import licence holders/applicants, they include (i) description of consumer protection and packaging and labelling controls; (ii) description of hazards and associated control measures; procedure for verifying that the PCP is effective; (iii) documents showing that the PCP has been implemented; (iv) description of foreign supplier food safety controls and procedures; and (v) supporting documents, as required. Documents showing that the PCP has been implemented must be kept for two years
3.209. The specific documentation that must be included in a PCP differs depending on the type of foreign supplier from whom the imported food is sourced. CFIA guidance specifies documentation requirements for three types of foreign suppliers.[312] First, foreign suppliers in countries that have a recognition arrangement with the CFIA that covers the food being imported into Canada. Such an arrangement exists with the United States (for foods overseen by the US Food and Drug Administration), and for meat and shellfish, with several other countries. Second, foreign suppliers that are part of an "internationally recognized third-party food safety certification programme" (and the imported food is covered by such a programme) such as the Global Food Safety Initiative. Third, other foreign suppliers. For the latter category of suppliers, importers may rely on on-site audits (conducted by the importers themselves or a technically competent third party) to demonstrate that their foreign suppliers are implementing controls effectively
3.210. In addition to the PCP, importers must develop a written complaints and recall procedure showing how the importer receives, investigates, and responds to complaints and how a recall will be conducted if a complaint results in a recall. Importers are also required to keep traceability records for the foods they import. Such records must allow importers to "trace imported food forward to the immediate customer and back to the immediate supplier".[313] According to the authorities, the SFCR traceability requirements are based on the international standard established by Codex Alimentarius.[314] Their purpose is to reduce the costs associated with recalls, protect consumers against risk of injury from food hazards, and increase consumer trust in the safety of food
3.211. Foreign suppliers cannot normally apply for an SFC licence directly but can import food into Canada through an SFC-licensed (resident) importer. Foreign suppliers may apply for an SFC licence (and import food into Canada without the need to go through an SFC-licensed resident importer) only if they qualify as a non-resident importer (NRI). To qualify as an NRI, a foreign food supplier's fixed place of business must be in a country that the CFIA has recognized as having a food safety system that provides at least the same level of protection as Canada
3.212. The CFIA relies on a risk management strategy – the Importer Risk Assessment (IRA) model – to set priorities regarding inspection, oversight, and planning related to food imports. According to the authorities, the IRA will be operational from April 2024. The CFIA has published the scientific approach and practical applications used to develop the IRA model.[315]
3.213. During Canada's previous Review, WTO Members raised several questions on Canada's MRLs, including whether MRLs are based on international standards and how Canada approaches default tolerances for MRLs.[316] In response, the Canadian authorities said that: (i) the determination of MRLs is based on an extensive review of scientific studies, including crop field trials, submitted by the applicants in the context of a pesticide registration process, and a thorough risk assessment to determine that there are no health concerns to any segment of the Canadian population, when all possible food sources are eaten every day, over a lifetime; (ii) all proposals to replace or add to an existing MRL are subject to consultations through a Proposed Maximum Residue Limit document, which addresses trade implications, including any differences with Codex MRLs; and (iii) Canadian MRLs may vary from those adopted by Codex for several reasons, including differences in pesticide use patterns and the locations of the crop field trials. The authorities also noted that, in the absence of scientific evidence required to set specific MRLs for each pesticide-crop combination, a general maximum residue limit of 0.1 ppm for residues of pesticides applies on both domestically grown and imported food.[317]
3.214. During the period under review, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada (AAFC), the CFIA, Fisheries and Oceans Canada, Health Canada, and the Public Health Agency of Canada (PHAC) launched several regulatory reform initiatives to advance work under the Regulatory Review of the agri-food and aquaculture sector (Section 3.3.2.2). Many of the initiatives being considered focus on the SPS regime and several are related to international and internal trade (Table 3.19). Source: CFIA, Agri-Food and Aquaculture: Targeted Regulatory Review – Policy and Program Initiatives and Novel Approaches. Viewed at: https://inspection.canada.ca/about-cfia/acts-and-regulations/forward-regulatory-plan/policy-and-program-initiatives-and-novel-approache/eng/1612284909727/ 1612284909961
3.215. During the period under review, Canada has continued to notify regularly SPS measures to the WTO SPS Committee. Between 1 January 2019 and 31 December 2023, Canada submitted 565 notifications, including revisions to regular notifications and appendices (but not corrections). Of these, 311 were new SPS notifications, including 1 emergency notification. The Technical Barriers to Trade and Regulations Division of Global Affairs Canada is Canada's enquiry point and national notification authority under the WTO SPS Agreement
3.216. During the same period, one specific trade concern (STC) was raised in the WTO SPS Committee against Canada. The concern in question relates to measures on Brazilian pork from internationally recognized foot and mouth disease (FMD) free zones without vaccination. At the same time, Canada has raised seven STCs against its trading partners, and supported several STCs raised by other WTO members
TBT咨询点
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参与关于TBT贸易问题的讨论
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成员之间的协议
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3.171. Canada has a transparent standards regime underpinned by a well-developed infrastructure with participation from standards development organizations, conformity assessment bodies, and many other stakeholders. Since its last Review, Canada updated its National Standards Strategy, which identifies priority sectors for standards development and highlights the need to foster standards harmonization, including across federal, provincial, territorial, and municipal levels of government, to facilitate internal trade without compromising health, safety, and security. Canada's regulatory system ranks well above the OECD average in terms of stakeholder engagement, impact assessment, and ex post evaluation.[272] During the period under review, Canada has continued to carry out targeted regulatory reviews to address regulations and practices that may cause bottlenecks to innovation, growth, and competitiveness
3.172. Canada has a decentralized national standards system, which includes the Standards Council of Canada (SCC); standards development organizations (SDOs); conformity assessment bodies (CABs); federal, provincial/territorial, and municipal authorities; industry; non-governmental organizations; and technical experts. The SCC, a federal Crown corporation mandated to promote efficient and effective standardization in Canada, serves as custodian of the system.[273] As such, the SCC defines policies and procedures for the development of national standards; provides accreditation services for both SDOs and CABs; and represents Canada in international standards activities. The SCC, which reports to Parliament through the Minister of Innovation, Science, and Economic Development, does not itself develop national standards
3.173. During the period under review, the SCC updated the National Standards Strategy.[274] The last time the Strategy had been updated was in 2009. The updated Strategy, which is the result of broad‑based consultations with stakeholders and interested parties, identifies the priorities and sectors that should be the focus of Canada's standards system over the next decade
3.174. One of the four system priorities set out in the Strategy is to "support facilitation of trade in goods and services through harmonized standards solutions".[275] Moreover, the Strategy notes the continued need for standards work related to the alignment of standards across federal, provincial, territorial, and municipal levels of government, including in the context of the Regulatory Reconciliation and Cooperation Table (RCT)
3.175. The RCT is a federal-provincial-territorial body established under the Canadian Free Trade Agreement (CFTA) to help address barriers to trade, investment, and labour mobility across provincial and territorial borders. Since its inception, the RCT has negotiated three reconciliation agreements on standards and codes (Energy Efficiency Standards for Household Appliances, Canadian Registration Number for Pressure Equipment, and Construction Codes). Reconciliation agreements specify the approach to deal with specific trade barriers, including mutual recognition and harmonization, the participating governments, and the implementation timelines. Governments that do not have an existing measure to reconcile or determine that reconciliation is not a desirable option for their jurisdiction may decide not to participate in negotiations. Two additional reconciliation agreements (Canadian Electrical Codes and Energy Using and Saving Products) were under negotiation with a target completion date of December 2024.[276]
3.176. In addition to system priorities, the 2022 National Standards Strategy identifies five priority sectors for the Canadian standards system: (i) climate change mitigation, adaptation, and resilience; (ii) environmental, social, and corporate governance; (iii) health, well-being, and safety; (iv) digital economy and advanced manufacturing; and (v) supply chain stability. The SCC intends to monitor actions to implement the updated Strategy and report on progress, while itself seeking to implement the Strategy through its corporate plan and work with SDOs and other national standards system participants
3.177. Since Canada's last Review, the SCC accredited five new SDOs for a total of 15 accredited SDOs (January 2024). The SCC publishes the full list of accredited SDOs online.[277]
3.178. When developing a standard, SCC-accredited SDOs must follow SCC requirements, which incorporate Annex 3 of the WTO Agreement on Technical Barriers to Trade (Code of Good Practice).[278] Standards are developed through consensus by technical committees managed by each SDO. In response to a question posed in the context of Canada's previous Review whether foreign companies or individuals could participate in technical committees, Canada replied that "SCC requirements did not prevent the participation of anyone with appropriate technical expertise to the subject matter of the standard".[279]
3.179. The SCC has a centralized online notification system with information on standardization work by SCC-accredited SDOs.[280] The notification system is publicly available and allows these SDOs to identify and resolve potential duplication of standards and effort. It also provides SDO contact information and links to SDO work programmes
3.180. SCC-accredited SDOs may submit their standards to SCC for evaluation against the criteria of a National Standard of Canada (NSC). The criteria have not changed since Canada's previous Review.[281] Since 2017, SCC-accredited SDOs have been able to apply to the SCC for self-declaration status, which allows them to self-declare compliance with SCC requirements for the publication of their standards as NSCs. This means that, for SDOs that have obtained self-declaration status, the SCC does not have to review and approve its standards prior to their publication as NSCs. The SCC has granted self-declaration status to five SDOs.[282] The specific criteria that SDOs must meet to achieve and maintain self-declaration status were amended in 2019.[283] According to the authorities, the amendments were the result of improvements previously made to the processes and criteria related to the achievement and maintenance of self-declaration status by SCC-accredited SDOs
3.181. The SCC maintains an online searchable list of standards published by accredited SDOs.[284] According to this database, there were 3,377 NSCs as at 31 December 2023. The top areas with NSCs are information technology (39% of NSCs); electrical engineering (11%); environment, health protection, and safety (10%); health care technology (7%); and construction materials and building (5%)
3.182. Canada participates actively in international standardization activities. As the Canadian member of the ISO and the IEC, the SCC oversees Canadian participation in 330 ISO technical committees[285] and 111 IEC technical committees.[286] During the period under review, the SCC renewed its existing bilateral cooperation agreements with Brazil's Associação Brasileira de Normas Técnicas (ABNT, signed in 2018, renewed in March 2022); British Standards Institution (BSI, signed in 2018, renewed in March 2022); Costa Rica's Instituto de Normas Técnicas de Costa Rica (INTECO, signed in 2016, renewed in 2020); European Committee for Standardization and European Committee for Electrotechnical Standardization (CEN and CENELEC, signed in 2012, renewed in 2019); European co-operation for Accreditation (EA, signed in 2017, renewed in 2022); Peru's Instituto Nacional de Calidad (INACAL, signed in 2017, renewed in December 2021); and the United Kingdom Accreditation Service (UKAS, signed in 2017, renewed in December 2020). SCC concluded a new Memorandum of Understanding with the Standards Coordination Office of the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) of the United States in April 2022. In addition, the SCC is a signatory to several regional and international accreditation agreements (Section 3.3.2.3)
3.183. Technical regulations in Canada are adopted at the federal and provincial levels. The development of technical regulations at the federal level is subject to the Cabinet Directive on Regulation (CDR) and the Policy on Regulatory Development. The Treasury Board of Canada Secretariat oversees the development of regulations at the federal level and supports the work of the Treasury Board, a Cabinet committee responsible for considering and approving regulations proposed by federal departments and agencies
3.184. Regarding proposed legislation presented before Parliament, the Privy Council Office (PCO) assesses whether the legislative proposal's instrument selection and regulatory implications are consistent with the CDR, the Policy on Regulatory Development, and the Cabinet Directive on Law‑making. PCO assessments of proposed legislation are not publicly available. In the context of its previous Review, Canada noted that legislation "does not typically constitute technical regulations or conformity assessment procedures", but instead sets out "objectives and outcomes", leaving the details to subsequent regulations.[287]
3.185. Since Canada's last Review, there have been no amendments to the CDR, which sets out guiding principles and requirements for the development, management, and review of federal regulations. Regulatory impact analysis (RIA) is mandatory for all federal regulatory proposals that are subject to the CDR. In the context of the RIA, regulators must examine potential positive and negative effects of a proposed regulation and demonstrate that the benefits to Canadians of the proposed regulation outweigh the costs, based on a combination of monetized, quantitative, and qualitative data. Examples of the impacts to be considered as part of RIA include impacts on the health, safety, and security of Canadians; impacts on prices for consumers; compliance costs and innovation opportunities for businesses; implementation and revenues costs for government; and profitability impacts on businesses. According to the authorities, proportionality is key in deciding the extent of the analysis: the greater the potential impact of a proposed regulation, as determined by estimated costs, the greater the level of effort with respect to the supporting analysis is required. The CDR reinforced the requirements for the analysis in the RIA of the environmental and gender‑based impacts of regulatory proposals
3.186. Pursuant to the CDR, certain aspects related to the trade impacts of proposed regulations must be considered in the RIA. For example, as part of the RIA, federal departments and agencies must examine the regulatory systems of "relevant jurisdictions", which may include "domestic partners or key trading partners, particularly those with whom Canada has a coordinated regulatory cooperation arrangement".[288] The purpose of this requirement is to help regulators identify potential areas for regulatory alignment or cooperation. In addition, federal departments and agencies must consider Canada's international obligations, including whether Canada's international trade agreements affect the proposed regulation. The purpose is to ensure that when carrying out regulatory activities, regulators ensure that Canada's international commitments are met
3.187. The text of a proposed regulations must normally be pre-published in the Canada Gazette, Part I, though some exceptions can be made. The standard comment periods specified in Canada's last Review remain unchanged.[289] In September 2022, a new function was released on the Canada Gazette, Part I, allowing stakeholders to comment online on proposed regulations. The authorities note that this new function, which allows the publication of stakeholder comments that abide by the terms of use, has increased the transparency of the consultation process. A catalogue of technical regulations is not available. Nonetheless, technical regulations are contained in the Canada Gazette's Consolidated Index of Federal Statutory Instruments, though they are not specifically indicated or categorized there
3.188. Pursuant to the CDR, federal departments and agencies should publish Forward Regulatory Plans containing upcoming regulatory changes over a period of 24 months to give stakeholders an early opportunity to provide input. An additional opportunity for consultation should be given to affected stakeholders (including trading partners) prior to pre-publication of a regulatory proposal
3.189. The CDR recognizes that "incorporation by reference" of internationally accepted standards can be an effective tool to achieve regulatory outcomes. For example, the CDR requires federal departments and agencies to "examine the regulatory systems of relevant jurisdictions, such as those of domestic partners or key trading partners, particularly those with whom Canada has a coordinated regulatory cooperation arrangement, to identify potential areas for alignment or cooperation to identify potential areas for alignment or cooperation".[290] The examination should include a review of work by international standard development organizations for possible incorporation by reference
3.190. In addition, during the period under review, the Federal Government outlined specific proposals to make better use of international standards in regulation with the goal of supporting regulatory cooperation, facilitating trade, and fostering innovation. The proposals are contained in the "international standards regulatory roadmap", which was published in June 2021 and is part of a broader regulatory review initiative (Box 3.4). The international standards regulatory roadmap, which is led by Transport Canada in collaboration with other federal departments and agencies, contains 11 initiatives to promote the use of international standards in Canadian regulations; help Canada assume a stronger leadership role in international standards development; and make international standards used in regulations more accessible for stakeholders.[291] Source: Government of Canada, Targeted Regulatory Reviews. Viewed at: https://www.canada.ca/en/government/system/laws/developing-improving-federal-regulations/modernizing-regulations/targeted-regulatory-reviews.html; and Regulatory Reviews Progress Update (Rounds 1 and 2). Viewed at: https://www.canada.ca/en/government/system/laws/ developing-improving-federal-regulations/modernizing-regulations/targeted-regulatory-reviews/regulatory-reviews-progress-update-round-1-2.html
3.191. One of the initiatives under the international standards regulatory roadmap refers to the design of a digital tool to give regulators tailored information about the status of standards referenced in regulations. This design package was created to explore how to better help regulators monitor references to standards in regulations, identify outdated references, and keep references up to date. The authorities note that this initiative helped to inform possible future improvements to the SCC's Monitoring Standards in Regulation project, which identifies references to standards in Canada's federal, provincial, and territorial regulations. As at March 2023, the latest available date, the SCC had identified and tracked some 5,400 references to standards in federal, provincial, and territorial regulations. Regarding federal regulations, the SCC found 1,616 references to standards in 144 federal regulations. Of these, 365 or about 23% were references to international standards
3.192. Canada ranks well above the OECD average in all three areas covered by the OECD's Regulatory Policy and Governance Indicators (stakeholder engagement in developing regulations, RIA, and ex post evaluation of regulations). The latest OECD Regulatory Policy Outlook from 2021 notes that Canada could "enhance existing oversight by regularly evaluating the quality of consultations and of ex post evaluations" and that "the results of these evaluation could be made publicly available along with suggestions for improvement".[292]
3.193. The broad contours of Canada's accreditation and conformity assessment system, which were described in the previous Review, remain unchanged.[293]
3.194. The SCC, which is Canada's national accreditation body, has online directories and an online searchable database of SCC-accredited laboratories, certification bodies, and other accredited bodies.[294] As at November 2023, there were 410 active accredited laboratories, of which 369 are testing laboratories (including medical testing laboratories), 33 calibration laboratories, and 8 proficiency testing providers. This includes several laboratories that are headquartered abroad: seven in the United States; four in Cote d'Ivoire; three in Peru; two each in Mexico, Sweden, China, and Senegal; and one each in Chile, Romania, France, Burkina Faso, Lao People's Democratic Republic, and Türkiye. The SCC has also accredited 106 bodies besides laboratories (and SDOs): 45 product, process, and service certification bodies; 31 inspection bodies; 19 management system certification bodies; 6 greenhouse gas validation/verification bodies; and 5 bodies performing certification of persons. Of these, almost 50% are headquartered abroad: 40 bodies in the United States; 3 in India; 2 in the United Kingdom; and 1 each in China, France, Germany, Ireland, the Netherlands, the Republic of Korea, and the United Arab Emirates
3.195. Canada participates in several international conformity assessment agreements.[295] In addition, the SCC is a member of several international and regional accreditation organizations that have MRAs in place to support international acceptance of conformity assessment results. These organizations include the International Accreditation Forum, International Laboratory Accreditation Cooperation, and Asia Pacific Accreditation Cooperation.[296]
3.196. During the period under review, one new MRA, with the United Kingdom, entered into force. The MRA, which is contained in a Protocol to the Canada‑United Kingdom Trade Continuity Agreement (TCA), covers certification for Good Manufacturing Practices (GMP) for pharmaceutical facilities located in Canada and the United Kingdom. It entered into force in April 2021. As of September 2022, Canada and the United Kingdom agreed to expand the existing approach of recognizing GMP inspection results to inspections that are conducted in third countries for human and veterinary finished products covered in the Protocol. In addition, under the Canada‑United Kingdom TCA, a Protocol on the mutual acceptance of the results of conformity assessment, based on a similar protocol under the Canada–European Union CETA, entered into force. This protocol is supported by a Cooperation Agreement between the SCC and the United Kingdom Accreditation Service
3.197. Canada has also continued to notify regularly draft technical regulations, ordinances, and conformity assessment procedures to the WTO Committee on Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT). Between 1 January 2019 and 31 December 2023, Canada submitted 224 notifications, including revisions to regular notifications and appendices (but not corrections). Of these, 138 were new technical regulation notifications. In addition, Canada submitted a revised notification on the implementation and administration of the WTO TBT Agreement in February 2019.[297] Canada did not submit any notifications under Article 10.7 of the TBT Agreement (agreements on issues related to technical regulations, standards, or conformity assessment procedures). Its MRA with the United Kingdom, in force since April 2021, has not been notified to the WTO (August 2023)
3.198. Between 2019 and 2023, specific trade concerns were raised in the TBT Committee regarding five Canadian measures relating to certain toxic substances, pest control products, cannabis and cannabis-based products for medicinal use, vaping products, and medical devices